This was a small coding challenge proposed at my school. The problem is:
By the way, its good that your code doesnt need any comments. This means it is still simple enough to understand it by reading alone.
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Note: I am looking for any criticism. I would really like to improve my skills in general.
Yeah, I auto-created the Javadoc in Eclipse on an earlier draft, and I forgot to edit that part when posting this. It should just say
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@JollyJoker It is not the direct problem statement. I meant just the space character. Sorry, I can see how that would be unclear.
You took extra care to avoid unnecessary processing (by checking if the string contains space), and unnecessary allocations (counting the exact storage size needed). But then the trimming kinda defeats the purpose of the rest of the code: in case anything is trimmed, that will involve the allocation of a new string, and a full iteration over the source. To be consistent with the rest of the code, you could have done the trimming yourself.
myReplace( string, target, replacement);
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What if you were not allowed to use any of thestr.functions()? Nostr.toCharArray(),str.trim(),str.contains(), and so on? Here is an implementation using the basicStringandStringBuilderfunctionality. If you wanted to you could also replace theStringBuildermethod by concatenating into a newString. (Leaving that part to the reader).
for (char currentCharacter : text.toCharArray() )
block. This can be reversed, and you can do an early return without almost doing any work.
Is the problem statement a direct copy? In particular, do you know if whitespace was intended to mean just the space character? @tommy
I have completed this challenge successfully using the code below. My question is, is there any way to improve the efficiency? I believe the complexity is currently \$O(2n) = O(n)\$ given the 2 for loops. I do not want to use any libraries or functions likestr.replace(). But Im assuming there is a better way than trimming and then counting the whitespace.
Let me give some comments to your code as well, with a refactoring coming out at finally:
This solution still only loops through the originaltextjust once, but divided into three different parts.
I do not want to use any libraries or functions like
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Javadoc commenting looks good (but is not actually true?), otherwise there are zero comments
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As Janos mentions, in your code you have most of your code within the
Instead of a counting loop, a for-each loop is more idiomatic when possible. You could createoldArrbefore the counting loop, and use it in the loop that counts spaces
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public class URL public static String URLify(String text) if (!text.contains( )) return text; // Use urlifiedText for building the result text StringBuilder urlifiedText = new StringBuilder(); // Replace spaces with %20, after trimming leading and trailing spaces for (char currentChar : text.trim().toCharArray()) if (currentChar == ) urlifiedText.append(%20); else urlifiedText.append(currentChar); return urlifiedText.toString(); public static void main(String[] args) System.out.println(URLify( my example text ));
Building a char array, seems to be wasteful
str.trim().replaceAll( , %20)
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A possible implementation could then look like:
@holroy One possible nitpick is that whitespace characters other than a normal space wouldnt be replaced.
, but I guess that is kind of cheating?
Instead of the long piece of code inside theif ntains( )) , you could negate the condition for an early return, and make the code flatter, which is a bit easier to read
Following all of this advice, gives code like this:
SincenewArrhas the exact size for the result string, you can use the single-parameter constructor ofString
Hard to tell. If the problem statement is a word-by-word copy Id say its likely the OP didnt realize whitespace could mean something else.
is slightly faster, I think that in this case I would opt for the
public class URL /** * @description URLify ~ A small method that makes a string with spaces URL Friendly! * @param str * @param length * @return String */ public static String URLify(String str) str = str.trim(); int length = str.length(); int trueL = length; ntains( )) for(int i = 0; i length; i++) if(str.charAt(i) == ) trueL = trueL + 2; char[] oldArr = str.toCharArray(); char[] newArr = new char[trueL]; int x = 0; for(int i = 0; i length; i++) if(oldArr[i] == ) newArr[x] = %; newArr[x+1] = 2; newArr[x+2] = 0; x += 3; else newArr[x] = oldArr[i]; x++; str = new String(newArr, 0, trueL); return str; public static void main(String[] args) String str = testing .pdf ; str = URLify(str); System.out.print(str);
loop variant. Simply because it clearer conveys what you are working with. In addition it removes the need for some extra temporary variables like
Some minor technical improvements are possible:
/** * @description URLifyII ~ Remove leading and trailing spaces, * and replace remaining spaces with %20. * NB! Without using str.trim(), str.contains(), and so on… */ public static String URLifyII(String text) int startIndex = 0; int endIndex = text.length() – 1; StringBuilder urlifiedText = new StringBuilder(); // Find first non-space character while (text.charAt(startIndex) == && startIndex endIndex) startIndex++; // Find last non-space character while (text.charAt(endIndex) == && endIndex = startIndex) endIndex–; // Repeat text, and replace spaces with %20 for (int i=startIndex; i = endIndex; i++) if (text.charAt(i) != ) urlifiedText.append(text.charAt(i)); else urlifiedText.append(%20); return urlifiedText.toString();
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Include a little more vertical space
You could declarexin the initializer of the secondforloop, to limit its scope to the loops body
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blocks can greatly enhance the reading and understanding of code.
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, then you should create a method for it, so that you can call
? I know when reinventing the wheel, there could be some debate as to what you are allowed to use or not. But youre already using
oldArrandnewArr? In general I dont think variable names includingarray,arr,table, and so on are good names. In most cases you know its an array due to the presence of the array indexing braces. MaybeoriginalCharsorstrChars, could be better names.
The variable names should follow a pattern. That is, all variables for the input string should haveinin the name, and all output variables should haveout. Or at leastiando.
got a String, and only if nothing is provided would I use the hard coded string, that would make it easier to show and test your design
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Since you only uselengthandtrueLwhen you know the string contains a space, it would be better to declare those variables in the scope of theifblock
Try to avoid multiple repeated loops In your code you loop it once to get the new length into the strangly namedtrueL, this should (if kept) be namednewLengthor similar. Repeating loops is considered expensive, and should be avoided, if possible.
A personal nitpick of mine is to add a little more vertical space in the code. Adding an extra newline in front of
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You should have told uswhyyou dont want to use existing libraries because when using libraries, the problem becomes trivial:return in.trim().replace( , %20).
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Most of the Javadoc is redundant and can be removed. What remains is Makes a string with spaces URL-friendly.
@JollyJoker, Albeit a good point in the general case, in this particular case I think the requirements said the space character. Not space, tab and/or newline characters.
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For example, inputMr John Smithwould returnMr%20John%20Smith.
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Given a string (or URL), replace the white-spaces inside of the string with%20, but any spaces on the outside should not be included.
Instead of computing the strangely namedtrueL, you could count the number of spaces, and store it in the naturally namedspaces
is ok? 50% of the requirement is handled by a library function. Tip: be consistent.
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? Correct? Also, what do you mean by the second bullet point? How could I test that? Sorry if thats a dumb question.
I am pretty you can merge those 2 loops into one if you used astringbuilder. On the whole the replace algorithm could use work
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Even with some added comments, it still is slightly shorter than your original code, and hopefully understandable.
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public static String urlencode(String str) str = str.trim(); if (!str.contains( )) return str; char[] chars = str.toCharArray(); int spaces = 0; for (char c : chars) if (c == ) spaces++; char[] newArr = new char[chars.length + 2 * spaces]; for (int i = 0, x = 0; i chars.length; i++) char c = chars[i]; if (c == ) newArr[x] = %; newArr[x + 1] = 2; newArr[x + 2] = 0; x += 3; else newArr[x] = c; x++; return new String(newArr);
The next simplest solution not countingstr.replace(…)would have been to use aStringBuilder: for each space append%20, otherwise append the character itself. But I guess you didnt want to do that.
Id useCharacter.isWhitespaceinstead of
If you run your program on the command line, then you can pass a string as a parameter to the program. That parameter will be passed to you in the
I like that you calculate then length just once, and use that in the